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AI文章 :: 人工智能快报

新生儿超级大脑的奥秘


新生儿超级大脑的奥秘
sohu
一般人可能认为,新生儿什么都不懂,什么都不会,其实不然。研究显示,婴儿不仅能思考,记忆力强,懂得沟通,有个性,除了会欣赏语句的音调外,还有能力学习计算。
  幼儿脑部有数百亿神经元在活动,潜力无限。但如困缺乏感情交流及环境刺激,这些还有待发展的神经元便无从发挥。

  新生儿好比一块超强的海棉,可以将周遭发生的事都记录下来,但并非照单全收;而是选择对他生存有利者,例如母亲的气息及声音。

  为了顺利存活下去,建立关系是幼儿最先展现出来的能力。他一哇哇坠地,便使尽浑身解数引人注意,并开始与周围的人接触。有些小娃儿以尖叫或哭泣达成目的,也有人靠各种手势。一旦得到响应,他会如何继续?譬如,他微笑的表情,刚开始可能是肌肉收缩所致,但母亲热情的响应,可以刺激宝贝生长激素;母亲也可能因为幼儿有表情,对他更加呵护。这种非语言的沟通,是良性互动,对新生儿心理发展有正面助益。

  宝贝一出生,就沉浸在语言旋律中。还在出发点上的新生儿,有能力学任一语言,就算同时学好几种语言,也没问题。只是他们的语言学习力会随年龄增长而下降;两个月大的婴儿,牙牙学语声不断,到了六岁大,就已经习惯用母语。

  法国正音科医师瓦蕾里指出,双语环境对婴儿来说,是一种智力体操,有助于智能发展。就好象多出一双眼睛及一对耳朵,只是双语不能刻意教,而是从生活中学习而来。

  换句话说,如果每天都用两种语言跟婴儿沟通,就像异国婚姻家庭一样,他可以很自然学会两种话语。

  如果宝贝过了牙牙学语期,不用担心,专家认为,三到七岁是非常适合学外国语的年纪,此时最好用循序渐进,有趣的方式教,不要造成他的负担。

  儿童心理学之父皮亚杰在1940年左右即指出,孩童要六岁以后,才有逻辑观念。从某些角度来看,他并没有错。两.三岁的小孩一心一意学语言,对简单的加法或减法,没什么概念。

  近来,美国研究却对上述观念,提出某种程度的质疑。亚利桑那大学心理学教授卡伦怀恩表示,三岁的宝贝就能分辨三个元素与四个元素构成的图形有所差异;五岁大时,如果告诉:他一个米奇加一个米奇,等于三个米奇,小娃儿会感到惊讶。由此可见,幼儿还是有简单的计算观念。

  每个宝贝都有无穷的潜能,如果父母善加培养,就有出类拔萃的一天。
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